Is the Mediterranean environment at risk? A geographical diagnosis through the historical prism of the five times of the biosphere

At a time of climate change and its effects on the environment, aren’t the foundations of certain civilizations, such as those of the Mediterranean, just as questionable? To answer this question, the life and earth sciences and the human and social sciences can be brought together under the auspices of biogeography to analyze the orders and disorders of the Mediterranean basin environment. The subject of Fernand Braudel’s pioneering geohistorical work, the Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world offer a concrete space for renewed reflection on temporal scales, and hence time and its rhythms. And this reflection leads us to ask what risks are generated by changes in the Mediterranean environment.