This analysis first examines the concept of economic emergence and describes different typologies distinguishing emerging countries. It then examines the relationship between demographic trends and economic emergence through the lens of population policies. In this context, the analysis delves into the example of three countries from three different continents: one potentially emerging country, Kenya, and two emerging countries, Mexico and the Philippines. The analysis is illustrated with figures showing the demographic trajectories of each country. Finally, the study of each country leads to a comparison of the characteristics of their population policies and lessons learned for all emerging countries.