French regions and globalisation. The case of the motor industry and motor racing

How did French regions position themselves as France rose to prominence as a pioneer of both the automobile industry and motorsport? In the early twentieth century, Paris concentrated manufacturers, clubs and governing bodies responsible for organising motorsport. However, open-road races, particularly the Paris–Madrid race of 1903, exposed the limitations of a dangerous model. The closure of circuits and the tightening of safety regulations subsequently transformed the geography of competitions. For several decades, small and medium-sized towns—from Pau to Cadours—demonstrated remarkable vitality. In contrast to a highly centralised country, local initiative and voluntary associations played a decisive role. Gradually, under the influence of increasing globalisation since the 2000s, Formula One has increasingly turned towards new centres of power, particularly in the Arabian Peninsula and the United States. France has lost its Formula One Grand Prix, while its industrial and technological capabilities have weakened. Nevertheless, the 24 Hours of Le Mans remains a global success, sustained by its history, image and capacity for innovation. Furthermore, across French regions, museums, exhibitions, historic rallies and heritage motorsport events also provide opportunities to enhance local attractiveness. This raises the questions addressed in this publication: How has France lost some of its influence in international motorsport competitions? Can heritage compensate for France’s industrial and technological decline?